How to Buy Land in Nigeria Without Getting Scammed

1. Define Your Purpose and Budget

Clearly identify why you want to buy land (residential, commercial, agricultural, or investment). This helps determine the right location and land size.

Set a realistic budget that includes not only the land price but also legal fees, government charges, survey costs, and other hidden expenses.

2. Choose the Right Location

Select a location with good growth potential and suitability for your intended purpose.

Be cautious of land prices that seem too low in prime areas, as this could be a scam indicator.

Urban centers like Lagos, Abuja, and Ogun have higher prices but more development prospects.

3. Conduct Thorough Due Diligence on the Land and Seller

Verify the seller’s identity with government-issued ID and crosscheck with property documents.

Confirm the seller’s legitimacy by checking if agents are registered with professional bodies like the Nigerian Institution of Estate Surveyors and Valuers (NIESV).

Research the seller or agent’s reputation online and look for reviews or complaints.

4. Insist on Original and Authentic Documents

Demand to see original land title documents such as:

Certificate of Occupancy (C of O)

Deed of Assignment

Governor’s Consent

Survey Plan

Verify these documents at the relevant state land registry to ensure they are genuine and that the seller has the right to sell the land.

Check for official stamps, consistent plot numbers, and absence of encumbrances or liens.

5. Conduct a Physical Inspection of the Land

Visit the land to confirm boundaries, check for encroachments, and ensure it matches the survey plan.

Make sure the land is not government-acquired or under any dispute.

Confirm zoning laws and that the land is suitable for your intended use to avoid future regulatory problems.

6. Avoid Common Scams and Red Flags

Beware of fake property listings with too-good-to-be-true prices.

Avoid paying in cash without receipts or proof of payment.

Be cautious of urgency tactics pressuring you to pay quickly.

Watch out for ‘Omo Onile’ scams where local landowners falsely claim ownership after purchase.

Do not buy land without a valid Deed of Assignment or if the seller cannot prove full payment from previous owners.

7. Engage a Qualified Lawyer and Surveyor

Hire a reputable lawyer who is a member of the Nigerian Bar Association to handle document verification, draft the sales agreement, and oversee the transaction legally.

Employ a licensed surveyor to confirm the exact boundaries and prepare a survey plan if necessary.

8. Sign a Proper Sales Agreement

Ensure the sales agreement is detailed, legally binding, and witnessed by at least two people.

The agreement should clearly state the terms of payment, land price, and obligations of both parties.

Your lawyer should review and approve the agreement before signing.

9. Make Payment Securely and Obtain Receipts

Make payments according to the agreed terms (installment or lump sum).

Always get official receipts for any payment made to avoid disputes later.

10. Register the Land

After purchase, register the land with the appropriate land registry to secure legal ownership.

Submit all necessary documents, including the Deed of Assignment, Governor’s Consent, and Survey Plan.

Registration protects your ownership rights and prevents future encroachments or disputes.

Summary

To avoid getting scammed when buying land in Nigeria:

Verify the legitimacy of the seller and all documents.

Conduct physical inspections and due diligence.

Use professional services like lawyers and surveyors.

Avoid paying cash without proof and beware of pressure tactics.

Register your land promptly after purchase.

Following these steps ensures a secure transaction and protects your investment in Nigerian land